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LAUNDRY GUIDE 


COMPILED BY 


Troy Laundry Machinery Co., Ltd. 


Chicago Troy. New York. San Francisco. Seattle 
London. Paris. Amsterdam Berlin. Augsburg 


Price One Dollar, Post Paid 


9 %> 


SIXTH EDITION 


1911 



COPYRIGHTED 1911 
BY 

TROY LAUNDRY MACHINERY CO.. Ltd 


i t 
< < i 


< 


PRESS OF 

TROY LAUNDRY MACHINERY CO.. LTD 
LA SALLE AND 23RD STS. 
CHICAGO. 

C CLA28418? 


PREFACE 


A S the world’s greatest builders of laundry machinery and carrying the 
* * largest and most complete stock of laundry supplies, we have 

published this little volume to assist our customers in improv¬ 
ing the standard of their laundry work, fl It contains a great deal of infor¬ 
mation that should prove distinctly valuable and helpful to the trade, It 
does not, however, contain any elaborate essays or anything of that des¬ 
cription, as we do not believe them necessary, and we are always ready to 
give our customers the benefit of our many years’ experience. Cfl All ques¬ 
tions regarding our machines or the laundry business in general will be 
promptly and cheerfully answered. 

Troy Laundry Machinery Co., Ltd. 



6 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


CHAPTER I 


Essential Facts Regarding Water.—Tests for 
Minerals, Alkalies, Etc. 

PURE WATER 

No laundry should be without absolutely pure 
soft water. While in some localities the water 
may be soft, it may be impregnated with vege¬ 
table matters. On the other hand, it may be 
hard, caused by coming in contact with mineral 
substances. By filtering either of the above de¬ 
scribed waters, these foreign properties can be 
taken from it, leaving the water perfectly clear. 
Should the water treated in this manner be hard, 
it would easily be softened by following our 
directions. 

METHODS OF WATER SOFTENING 

Where muddy river waters are used, 98 per 
cent caustic soda should be added at the rate of 


1 oz. to .each 50 gallons of water, and the water 
allowed to settle before using. The precipitated 
lime will carry down the mud with it to the 
bottom of the tank. The pipe for drawing off 
the water should be about three inches from the 
bottom of the tank. It should also be provided 
with an outlet at the bottom, for cleaning out the 
lime and mud as often as necessary. 

Where clear water is used, if it is impracticable 
to soften it in the tank previous to use, which 
is much the best method, it may be softened in 
the washing machine, as the action is immediate, 
but the caustic soda should be added before the 
clothes or soap is put in, great care being exer¬ 
cised not to use an excess of 98 per cent caustic 
soda when added direct to the washing machine. 
For the actual cleansing operation only a good, 
pure soap should be used. 

SOFTENING WATER FOR GENERAL PURPOSES 

One pound of pure powdered caustic soda add¬ 
ed to 1,500 gallons of water of average hardness 
instantly softens it by removing the lime, mag¬ 
nesia and iron it contains. Pure soft water for 
all washing, dying or bleaching purposes means 
an enormous saving in time, soap and chemicals 
used. 





TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


7 


TEST FOR ALKALINE OR ACID WATER 

Dip a strip of red litmus paper into a test 
tube half tilled with the water; if it does not 
turn blue the water is not alkaline. Now dip a 
strip of blue litmus paper into the water; if it 
does not turn red the water is not acid. 

TEST FOR CARBONIC ACID 
Pour about three-quarters of an inch of water 
into a test tube and then pour in just as much 
lime water; if there is carbonic acid the water 
will become milky. It will become clear again by 
adding a little hydrochloric acid. 

TEST FOR SULPHUR COMBINATIONS 
Pour enough mercury into a small glass bot¬ 
tle with flat bottom to cover the bottom, then 
pour in enough water to fill it for a depth of half 
an inch or more; stopper the bottle and let it 
stand for a few hours. If the mercury assumes 
a darker surface and upon shaking separates into 
a dark powder, the water contains sulphur com¬ 
binations. 

TEST FOR IRON 

To some water in a test tube acid one drop of 
ferrocyanide of potassium; it will color it blue if 
iion be present. 


TEST FOR SULPHATE OF LIME (Gypsum) 

Pour water in a test tube to the depth of one 
and a half inches and then add a little chloride 
of barium; if a white preciptate is formed, and 
it will not redissolve when you add a little nitric 
acid, sulphate of lime is present. 

TEST FOR MAGNESIA 

Pill a test tube about one-fourth or one-third 
full of water, hold it with the tube holder and 
bring it to a boil over the spirit lamp; then add 
the point of a knife full of carbonate of mag¬ 
nesia and a very little phosphate of soda; if mag¬ 
nesia is present it will form a white precipitate; 
but, as it may not do so at once, it will be best 
to set it aside for a few minutes. 

TEST FOR LEAD 

Fill a test tube full of water and add a few drops 
only of tincture of cochineal. If there be only a 
trace of lead in the water, it will be colored blue 
instead of pink. 

TEST FOR COPPER 

Add to some water in a test tube a little filing 
dust of soft iron, and a few drops of chloride of 
ammonia; a blue colorization denotes the pres¬ 
ence of copper. 



8 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 





ait® 




MAIN FACTORY, CHICAGO. ILL 

























TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


9 


TEST TUBE HINTS 

Remember to rinse a test tube out thoroughly 
before using it with the water that you are about 
to test and after making one test, rinse out the 
tube thoroughly with water, using the tube brush 
if necessary. 

The soap solution can be prepared by putting 
some fine scrapings of white curd (to be secured 
from a druggist) into a bottle and pouring 
alcohol upon it; then cork the bottle and set it 
one side, shaking it often for a few days, until 
it is all dissolved; then add a little more soap, 
and if you find you have too much, add a little 
alcohol, so as to just dissolve it. 

Lime water can be prepared by slaking a 
small lump of freshly burned lime with half its 
weight of water in a vegetable dish; then take 
some of the slaked lime and put it in a bottle 
with some cold distilled water (which can be ob¬ 
tained by condensing steam), shaking it occasion¬ 
ally; then let the undissolved portion subside, 
draw off most of the clear liquid, and keep it 
tightly stoppered in a clean bottle. 


CHAPTER II 

Soaps.—The Best for Laundry Use.—Formulas 
for Making. 

The soap we sell is guaranteed to be a pure and 
thoroughly honest one, made of the very best 
tallow. We have always urged our customers to 
make their own soap because they will then obtain 
a uniform soap, provided the best prime tallow 
is used. Auy one at all familiar with the laundry 
business and especially those that are good judges 
of laundry work realize fully that a good, honest, 
uniform soap is one of the greatest essentials in 
a laundry, and especially in those laundries that 
desire to do a fine grade of work. 

In this age of adulterations it is almost im¬ 
possible to buy an honest soap, because it is so 
easy and so tempting to make and sell a cheap 
adulterated article. There are many dealers in 
soaps that advertise an article as pure at much 
less price than prime tallow is worth. Always 
remember that a pure tallow chip soap cannot 
be sold at a price much, if any, below the market 





10 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


price of prime tallow and the market price of 
prime tallow should govern the price of pure 
tallow soap chips. 

We have always urged our customers to use 
the best supplies obtainable because it is the most 
economical in every way. As the freight or ex- 
pressage on any cheap adulterated article is the 
same as on the genuine article, it certainly is poor 
economy to buy cheap laundry supplies of any 
kind. Some soaps contain more moisture than 
others, and under these circumstances it is al¬ 
ways advisable to weigh at least a sample of the 
soap when purchased, lay it aside for a reason¬ 
able length of time and then weigh it again, for 
in this way one can ascertain the amount of 
moisture in the different soaps purchased. If 
the trade would watch the soap they use more 
carefully, much better results in the color and 
clearness of their work would be obtained, and 
black specks would be a thing of the past. 

FORMULA FOR TESTING SOAP 

The following is a simple process for the valua¬ 
tion of soap: Cut a piece across the center of 
the bar and from this shave as a sample 1 gram 
of the soap. Place this in a graduated test tube 


of 15 c. c. capacity and add 10 c. c. of a mixture 
of equal parts of alcohol and distilled water. Place 
the test tube in warm water and shake gently 
until the soap is dissolved. All foreign sub¬ 
stances, such as starch, excess of soda, talcum, 
chalk, etc., will remain undissolved and settle to 
the bottom. Pure soap will yield a fairly clear 
solution without appreciable precipitate. 

A T ow add 5 c. c. of 30 per cent acetic acid, shake 
well and let the test tube stand upright and un¬ 
disturbed for twelve hours. From pure “grain 
soap” a layer of 1 c. c. of fatty acid will rise to 
the top. If sodium silicate is present, it will 
separate but in a gelatinous form upon the ad¬ 
dition of the acetic acid. The same result will 
follow if resin soap is present. The presence of 
free sodium carbonate is indicated by the effer¬ 
vescence of the liquid upon the addition of the 
acid. 

SOAP 

We give herewith a full description of the 
process of making a pure potash or soda soap. 
These formulas are not experiments. Many 
laundries throughout the countiy are now mak¬ 
ing their own soap by them, effecting thereby 




TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


TREASURER AND 


GENERAL MANAGER’S PRIVATE OFFICE 





















12 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 





GENERAL OFFICE 





























TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


13 


quite a saving in their, soap bill, as well as ob¬ 
taining the very best results. 

The great difficulty with which all launderers 
making their own soap have now to contend 
is the fact that it is almost impossible to get a 
perfectly uniform and reasonably pure soap. 
Probably in the whole range of manufactured 
articles there is none with which the “demon of 
adulteration” has been more busy than with soap. 
This is an age of cheap articles and soap makers 
have vied with each other in producing the cheap¬ 
est soap possible, upon the principle that the 
cheaper the soap is the better it will sell and 
also what- is more important to them, the greater 
is the profit to be got out of it. Certain re¬ 
sults have to be obtained in the handling and 
finishing of all goods, and what is more, they 
must be economically obtained; therefore, an im¬ 
pure and not strictly uniform soap will not do 
at all. Such soaps are made for sale and not 
for use. 

There is only one way nowadays of overcoming 
this difficulty and that is for each manufacturing 
consumer to make his own soap and thus obtain 
exactly what is required; a pure and uniform 


soap, just suitable for the special purpose for 
which it is intended. This would have been im¬ 
possible some years ago, but with the strong, 
pure Caustic Soda and Caustic Potash that we 
sell, nothing is easier, as the simple directions 
will show. 

We would, however, here caution laundrymen 
against the impure and cheap powdered, or gran¬ 
ulated Caustic Soda and so-called “pure” Caustic 
Potash, now offered to the trade by many laundry 
supply dealers. It is impossible to make genuine 
laundry soap that will give satisfaction by our 
formulas unless pure potash and soda are used. 
We get our Caustic Soda and Caustic Potash 
direct from England, specially packed for us by 
the manufacturers there, who ship the goods to 
us direct. We are, therefore, prepared to guar¬ 
antee results with the Soda and Potash that 
we supply. 

We can do this with confidence, after many 
years experience in this business of making laun¬ 
dry soap, which was first introduced to the trade 
by us nearly 30 years ago. 

FORMULA NO. 1 
Cold Process 

Break up the contents of a 20-pound can of real 




14 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


Caustic Potash, and empty them into an earth¬ 
enware or iron vessel with two gallons of water. 
Stir, and the potash dissolves almost immediate¬ 
ly, heating the water. Let the lye thus made 
cool nntil just warm to the hand (say 80° F.). 
Melt 40 pounds of tallow or grease, which must 
be free from salt, and let it cool until fairly 
warm to the hand (say 120° F.). Now pour the 
caustic potash lye into the melted tallow, stirring 
for one or two minutes with a wooden stirrer, 
until both are thoroughly mixed and smooth in 
appearance. This mixing can be done in the pan 
or kettle used to melt the tallow, or in a wooden 
tub or half an oil barrel. Cover up well and 
put away in a warm place for two or three days 
(stirring again the second day to thoroughly 
remix), during which time the mixture saponifies. 

This gives about 80 pounds of concentrated 
potash soap. For use it should be remelted by 
boiling in a kettle with three times its own weight 
of water until all the concentrated potash soap 
is dissolved, thus giving a jelly soap. If for use 
in a washing machine, it is better to dissolve the 
concentrated potash soap in 15 to 16 times its 
weight of water. 


This is the finest laundry machine soap ob¬ 
tainable. 

FORMULA NO. 2 
Short Steam Boiling Process 

Take 120 pounds of tallow and put it into an 
iron tank holding about 80 gallons. Turn an 
open steam pipe into it and melt the tallow. In 
another smaller tank dissolve a 50-pound can of 
caustic potash in 20 gallons of cold water. As 
soon as the tallow is melted, run in this lye. Con¬ 
tinue gently boiling with the steam pipe for 
about twenty minutes, when the soap will become 
thick and completely made. Leave standing till 
the next day and then boil up again with about 
40 gallons of water. This soap gives a splendid 
lather that lasts for hours. 

The above soap is for washing linens or cottons 
in a washing machine. To make a neutral or 
mild soap for washing flannels by this process, 
200 pounds instead of 120 pounds of tallow must 
be taken. 

FORMULA NO. 3 
For Use in Power Washers 

Take 400 pounds of best tallow free from salt 
and put it into an open tank holding about 500 



TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


15 


gallons, then turn in open steam to melt the tal¬ 
low. Dissolve in a separate tank, placed above 
the mixing tank, 50 pounds of powdered 98 per 
cent Caustic Soda and 150 pounds of pure Caustic 
Potash, in 200 gallons of water, by stirring them 
.together until dissolved. Take care that none of 
the potash or soda settles to the bottom without 
being dissolved. Now slowly run in all this pot¬ 
ash soda lye into the mixing tank holding the 
melting tallow, at the same time boiling care¬ 
fully with an open steam pipe for about three 
hours until sufficient steam is added during the 
boiling process to make the total water used equal 
to about 340 gallons and the total weight of the 
batch of soap made about 4,000 pounds. For 
use in the machine add about five pounds of soap 
to the gallon of water. This formula gives a 
most excellent soap for power machines and far 
supeiior to any soda soap. It is used exclusively 
in one of the largest and best appointed laundries 
in the United States. 

FORMULA NO. 4 
Hard Soap 

50 pounds of powdered 98 per Cent Caustic Soda. 

200 pound weight (20 English gallons) of water. 


325 pounds of pure tallow 

Empty the 50 pounds of 98 per cent powdered 
Caustic Soda into any iron vessel, with 20 gal¬ 
lons or 200 pound weight of water. Stir and it dis¬ 
solves almost instantly, heating the water. Let 
the lye thus made cool until just warm to the 
hand (say 80° F.). Melt the 325 pounds of 
tallow, or clean rendered grease, which must be 
free from salt, and let it then cool until fairly 
warm to the hand (say 120° F.). Now pour 
the caustic soda lye into the melted grease or tal¬ 
low, stirring with a flat wooden stirrer, about 
three inches broad, for one or two minutes, until 
the melted tallow and lye are thoroughly mixed 
and smooth in appearance. This mixing may be 
done in the pan or boiler used to melt the tallow 
or in a wooden tub. 

Now pour into boxes of convenient size or 
moulds, or, if not required afterwards in bars, 
cover up the tub itself containing the mixture 
with blankets, to keep in the heat, and leave for 
three or four days standing in any fairly dry or 
warm room. During this time the mixture of 
lye and grease slowly saponifies and gives about 
575 pounds of good, hard scouring soap. This 



16 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


soap should not be used for a few days after being 
made. It also improves by being cut up into bars 
and being kept for a few weeks in a dry room. 
Its bathing and washing properties can also be 
much more improved by the addition of 10 
pounds of refined carbonate of potash, added to 
the 20 gallons of water originally used to dis¬ 
solve the 50 pounds of 98 per cent powdered 
Caustic Soda. 

FORMULA NO. 5 
Short Boiling Process 

Throw 70 pounds of tallow into an iron tank 
or kettle holding about 50 gallons. Put in an 
open steam pipe and melt. In another smaller 
iron tank stir up and dissolve one 10-pound can 
of powdered 98 per cent Caustic Soda in 15 gal¬ 
lons of water. As soon as the tallow is melted 
run in this lye and boil with a steam pipe for 
about 20 minutes, when the soap will become 
thick and completely made. Turn on steam gently 
or the soap will boil over. Have a can of cold 
water handy to throw in, to keep it down if re¬ 
quired. 

Now for use in a washer dissolve 25 pounds of 
this soap in 40 gallons of water with one-half 


pound of 98 per cent Caustic Soda and boil a 
few minutes, when it will be ready for use. 

FORMULA NO. 6 
Short Mixing Process 

Empty a 10-pound can of powdered 98 per cent 
Caustic Soda into four gallons of water, and stir 
until dissolved. Let the lye thus made cool. Melt 
70 pounds of tallow and then let it cool until 
just warm to the hand. Pour the caustic lye 
into the melted tallow and stir for a few minutes, 
until both are thoroughly mixed and smooth in 
appearance. Cover up to keep in the heat, and 
leave standing for two days, when the soap will 
be found made. For laundrymen the short boil¬ 
ing process will be found the quickest and most 
effective. 

FOR THE USE OF SOAP CHIPS 

In order to cope with the various problems with 
which the user of liquid soap in a laundry has to 
deal, it is well that a proper understanding of the 
article in question is had. 

The first requirement of a soap for use in the 
laundry is that it must be absolutely and thor¬ 
oughly saponified regardless of and above every¬ 
thing else. Anything less than complete saponi- 



17 



TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


COST DEPARTMENT AND FACTORY SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE 
























18 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



DRAUGHT.!NG DEPARTMENT 
























TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


19 


fication means high cost through waste of mate¬ 
rials (neutral salts contained therein) from which 
no good can come, and a great loss of true soap, by 
virtue of its having to attack the impurities con¬ 
tained within itself as well as those contained in 
the water and articles to be washed. It means 
poor and unsatisfactory work, except at the ex¬ 
pense of much time, coupled with the ever present 
danger of chemical combinations that cause much 
injury and damage to the fibers and colors. 

When the soap is dissolved in water, it is split 
up in two parts, an acid soap and an alkaline 
soap. The alkaline soap is believed to release the 
dirt by emulsionizing,—a sort of lubricating proc¬ 
ess by which the action of the water in absolution 
will cause the dirt to release itself from the fibers 
and become absolved therein; while the acid soap, 
especially in hot water, is believed to form itself 
into microscopically small flakes, and the particles 
of dirt adhering to them are carried off in the 
rinse. The condition of the water used has great 
effect upon the action of the soap. Hard water, 
such as we find in ordinary use, contains more or 
less of lime and magnesia; as they are present in 
greater or less quantity, corresponding extreme 


care must be exercised by the soap user, as the 
sulphuric and carbonic acid, forming a part of 
the compounds, decompose the soap, combining 
with the alkali of same and setting free the fatty 
acids, which combine almost immediately with the 
lime of magnesia, forming insoluble soap, similar 
to axle grease. 

DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARING TROJAN 
NEUTRAL SOAP CHIPS 

Where you have formerly used 50 pounds of 
soap chips and 100 gallons of water, use 30 pounds 
of Trojan Neutral Soap Chips and 30 pounds of 
Wyandotte Y'ellow Hoops, made up as follows: 

Run water in tank to one-third tank capacity; 
turn on steam and add 30 pounds of Trojan Neu¬ 
tral Soap Chips. When soap is thoroughly dis¬ 
solved, gradually fill tank with water, leaving steam 
on, and at the same time sprinkle over the surface 
of the water 30 pounds of Wyandotte Yellow 
Hoops. When tank is full, turn off steam and 
see that same is thoroughly stirred; the soap is 
then ready for use. 

FORMULA NO. 2 

For 100 gallons of soap, make up as follows; use 
] /2 pound of soap for each gallon of water: 



20 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


First fill tank to one-third tank capacity; then 
put in 50 pounds Trojan Neutral Soap Chips and 
boil thoroughly until dissolved, then add 3 pounds 
caustic soda, dilute same in pail, add to tank and 
thoroughly boil; then fill tank to tank capacity. 
While the tank is being filled, see that same is 
thoroughly stirred. 


CHAPTER III 

Bleach.— How to Prepare. 

To prepare a soft bleach in a 30-gallon bleach 
jar use 10 pounds of Chloride of Lime, preferably 
a 10-pound can of Greenbank’s brand of Chloride 
of Lime, and 15 pounds of Wyandotte Yellow 
Hoops. 

Mix the contents of a 10-pound can of Green- 
bank’s Chloride of Lime with enough cold water 
to form a paste. This must be mixed thoroughly 
until it is smooth and all the lime thoroughly 
moistened. Then add sufficient cold water to half 
the capacity of your jar (about 15 gallons). It 
is important that this solution be stirred until 
thoroughly dissolved. Then dissolve 15 pounds of 
Wyandotte in a pail of lukewarm water, stirring 
thoroughly until the Wyandotte is thoroughly dis¬ 
solved. Add this to the lime solution and again 
thoroughly stir. Then add sufficient cold water to 
fill the bleach jar, stir thoroughly and allow the 
same to stand for at least six hours, after which 
skim off any foreign substance that will form on 





TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


21 


the top of the bleach, which will leave a clear liquid 
of a pinkish cast. Never use the sediment. 

By carefully following these directions you will 
find a very small amount of sediment remaining 
in the bottom of the jar and the full benefit will 
be obtained from the bleach properties. 

This is a soft bleach which can be used in the 
second suds without lowering the suds. By using 
the bleach in the second suds it gives a saving of 
time in the washing process, but it can be used as 
a bleach in the clear liquid, if so desired. 

A bleach jar should be protected by a cover to 
prevent any foreign substances getting into it. 

By the use of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in 
bleach making, the ill effects of chloride of lime 
are counteracted, and we recommend this formula 
of bleach in all instances and in all waters. Nowa¬ 
days a hard bleach is very seldom used, for time 
and experience have proven that it is injurious 
to the goods. 


CHAPTER IV 

Bluing.—Formulas for Preparing Aniline and 
Ball Blues. 

FORMULA FOR PREPARING ANILINE BLUE 

Take four ounces of Troy regular or special 
blue and dissolve in soft or distilled water, pour 
into four gallons of soft or distilled water when 
dissolved and put into starch kettle and let it 
come to a boil, take out while hot and add 16 
ounces of acetic acid. It will not be found neces¬ 
sary to strain this blue, as it will not settle nor 
streak. It will be ready to use as soon as cold. 
If you do not get a color that suits you with 
acetic acid as a sour in the washer, use oxalic; 
if the color then does not suit, you can use 
hydrochloric or sulphuric—waters differ, and as 
they do, so does your color. If the goods are 
properly rinsed the acids will hurt them but very 
little. We recommend the use of the acetic, but in 
case you cannot get the color desired you can use 
the stronger. 





22 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


Dissolve one ounce of aniline blue in two gal¬ 
lons of boiling water, and, wlien thoroughly dis¬ 
solved, add one-half pint of acetic acid. Add by 
measure, either into the water or by stirring it 
into the starch, sufficient of the liquid bluing to 
obtain the tint desired. 

When you blue your goods in the washing ma¬ 
chine, it is very essential that they be thoroughly 
rinsed, as Aniline is very sensitive and easily af¬ 
fected by alkalies and bleach. If bleach has been 
used or caustic soda to soften the water, use a 
little hyposulphite or . bisulphite of soda in the 
last rinsing water before putting in the blue. 

Always pour the bluing in the machine when 
the cylinder is running toward you. 

Condensed or rain water should be used to 
make the bluing. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USING BALL BLUE 

Wrap one or more balls in a flannel or linen 
rag and keep stirring under water until the latter 
is sufficiently colored. 

Our ball blue has the repute of being the best 
manufactured, leaves no sediment and is guar¬ 
anteed perfectly harmless and free from sedi¬ 
ment. } 

| 


CHAPTER V 

Formulas for Disinfecting and Washing Differ¬ 
ent Classes of Goods. 

DISINFECTING 

Sometimes it is necessary to disinfect cloth¬ 
ing before washing. Extra precautions must be 
taken in case of laundry work, as serious conse¬ 
quences might result from carelessness. An ordi¬ 
nary and simple method of disinfecting is to 
plunge the clothes into boiling water and boil 
for half an hour. After this process most germs, 
if any were present, will be killed. Anthrax 
germs will have to be boiled a second time. For 
common use, where a solution is required, cor¬ 
rosive sublimate tablets come already prepared. 
These simply need to be dissolved in water to 
make a solution of the required strength; i. e., 
one part to 2,000. 

Handkerchiefs which have been used for colds 
should be soaked in a disinfectant and washed 
separately before putting them in with the rest 




TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


23 



MAIN SALESROOM — WESTERN HALF 







































24 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



The above gutter would have ample depth to care for ten washers. 
Less machines, figure depth accordingly. 


































TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


25 


of the clothing for boiling. Salt water is a good 
disinfectant solution. 

The sterilizing and disinfecting machines which 
we build have proved thoroughly successful in 
performing this operation so important to the 
public health. A careful inspection of their es¬ 
sential points is solicited. 

WASHING GOODS IN POWER WASHERS 

It is always advisable, especially in a new ma¬ 
chine, to cleanse it with a strong bleach, filling 
the machine while in motion about one-third full 
of water. Draw this bleach off and repeat, using 
strong soap instead of the bleach. Give the ma¬ 
chine a thorough cleansing for about three or 
four hours. 

If directly connected steam is used to heat 
water in the washer, care should be taken not to 
turn cold water too fast, otherwise soap grease 
spots (black specks) will be formed in the linings 
of shirts, collars and cuffs. 

When bluing goods in the machine, be sure that 
they are thoroughly rinsed, as bluing is very 
sensitive and easily affected by alkali. Have the 
water in the machine of about the same depth 
that is used for rinsing. The operator, however, 


should use judgment in this matter, for the 
amount of water depends altogether on the amount 
of goods in the machine; too much water will 
cause the goods to float. One should be able to 
hear them fall in the water before adding blue. 
Pour the bluing in the machine while it is in 
motion and when the cylinder is running toward 
you. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING WHITE GOODS 
One Hundred Shirt Washer 

1. Run lukewarm water into the washer so 
as to give 1 y 2 inches in the cylinder. Add soap, 
run 15 minutes, and discharge. 

2. Run hot water into the washer so as to 
give iy 2 inches in the cylinder. Add 1 gallon 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops solution or its equiva¬ 
lent, 1 pound in dry form. Run at least 15 min¬ 
utes, and discharge. 

3. Run enough hot water into the washer to 
give 1 y 2 inches in the cylinder. Add one-half 
the usual amount of bleach (the formula for this 
has already been given), and run 5 minutes. Then 
put in sufficient soap to cause and keep up a lively 
suds. Turn on steam and raise temperature gradu¬ 
ally to the boiling point. Run 25 minutes (35, if 



26 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



MAIN SALESROOM — EASTERN HALF 























TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


27 


’very dirty), discharge and drain well. 

4. Run hot water 180° F. into the washer, so 
as to give 6 inches in the cylinder. Run 5 minutes, 
discharge and drain well. 

5. Repeat the preceding. 

6. Run enough hot water into the washer to 
give 3 inches in the cylinder. Dissolve 6 ounces 
oxalic acid in a separate pail and add. Turn on 
steam gradually and boil for 10 minutes (this 
decomposes the acid), and then run in water 
enough to cover the clothes; add blue and run 
20 minutes. Discharge. 

7. Give a 5-minute hot rinse. 

8. Give a 5-minute cold rinse. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING WHITE GOODS 
One Hundred Shirt Washer 

1. Run cold water into the washer so as to 
give 4 inches in the cylinder. Run 5 minutes, and 
discharge. 

2. Run lukewarm water into the washer so as 
to give 3 inches in the cylinder. Put 2 pounds 
of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in the center of the 
clothes. Start the machine, turning on the steam, 
and bring the temperature gradually up to about 
130° F. Run 20 minutes, and discharge. 


3. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
6 inches in the cylinder. Run 5 minutes, and 
discharge. 

4. Run warm water into the washer so as to 
give 3 inches in the cylinder. Add enough soap 
to produce a good suds. Turn on steam and bring 
gradually to a boil. Run 20 minutes and dis¬ 
charge. 

5. Run enough warm water into the washer to 
give 3 inches in the cylinder. Add bleach, turn 
on steam and bring gradually to boiling point. 
Run 10 minutes, and discharge. 

6. Give 5-minute hot rinse. 

7. Repeat the preceding. 

8. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
4 inches in the cylinder. Add 5 ounces of oxalic 
acid, dissolved in a pail of water (use the pail 
only for this purpose), put in washer and tum 
on steam gradually. Boil from 10 to 15 minutes, 
and discharge, 

9. Run in enough hot water to give 6 inches in 
the cylinder. Add your blue, using a shade over 
what you wish, run 10 minutes, and discharge. 
Follow with a short hot rinse and a short cold one. 
This will give you the shade you wish. 



28 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


FORMULA FOR WASHING WHITE GOODS 

One Hundred Shirt Washer 

1. Run enough cold water into the washer to 
give 6 inches in the cylinder; run 5 minutes; dis¬ 
charge and drain well. 

2. Run enough lukewarm water into washer 
to give 2 to 3 inches in the cylinder. Add % to 1 
pound Wyandotte Yellow Hoops (either dry or in 
solution), depending on clothes and water, and run 
5 minutes. Add sufficient (preferably neutral) 
soap to make a good suds and turn on steam, heat¬ 
ing gradually to 90° F. Run 15 minutes, dis¬ 
charge and drain well. 

3. Run enough warm water into the washer to 
give 2 to 4 inches in the cylinder, add 1 pound 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops (either dry or in solu¬ 
tion), run 10 minutes, and discharge. 

4. Run enough hot water (110° F.) into the 
washer to give 2 inches in the cylinder, add bleach 
and run 5 minutes. Then add soap enough to 
make a good suds, turn on steam and bring gradu¬ 
ally to the boiling point. Run 30 minutes; dis¬ 
charge and drain well. 

5. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 


6 inches in the cylinder. Run 5 minutes; dis¬ 
charge; drain well. 

6. Repeat the preceding. 

7. Sour and blue your own way. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING WHITE GOODS 
One Hundred Shirt Washer 

1. Run enough cold water into the washer to 
give 6 inches in the cylinder. Run from 8 to 10 
minutes. Discharge and drain well. 

2. Run enough warm water into the washer 
to give 2 to 3 inches in the cylinder. Add (either 
dry or in solution) 1 to 2 pounds of Wyandotte 
Yellow Hoops. If used dry, the washer should 
be opened and the Wyandotte placed in the center 
of the goods. Start the machine and run it 5 
minutes. Add enough soap to make and maintain 
a lively suds. Keep the temperature of the water 
at 120° F. Run from 15 to 20 minutes; dis¬ 
charge and drain well. 

3. Run enough warm water into the washer to 
give about 6 inches in the cylinder. Run about 
5 minutes; discharge and drain well. 

4. Run warm water into the washer so as to 
give 2 to 3 inches in the cylinder. Add 1 to 2 
quarts of bleach and run 8 to 10 minutes. Add 



TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


29 



ENGINE ROOM 










































30 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


soap sufficient to pioduce and keep up a lively suds. 
Turn on steam gradually until brought to the boil¬ 
ing point. Then shut it off and lun 10 to 20 min¬ 
utes. Discharge. 

5. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
6 inches in the cylinder. Run 5 minutes, and 
discharge. 

6. Repeat preceding. 

7. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
4 inches in the cylinder. Add 6 ounces of oxalic 
acid, dissolved in a pail of hot water, to the rinse 
and then turn on the steam gradually and bring 
to a boil. Run 15 minutes. Discharge and drain 
well. 

8. Give two 5-minute rinses as follows: Run 
boiling water into the washer so as to give 6 inches 
in the cylinder. Run each 5 minutes, and dis¬ 
charge. 

9. Run warm water (of a temperature of 90° 
to 120° F.) so as to give 6 inches in the cylinder. 
Add 2 to 3 ounces 28 per cent acetic acid and to 
this the blue needed. Run for 15 minutes, and 
discharge. Stopping machine, flood the garments 
with cold water and allow them to revolve three 
or four times. Then stop the machine again and 
discharge or take the clothes out, leaving the water, 


if you wish, for the first linse of the next run. 

This method of warm bluing water permits the 
maintenance of a perfect shade. All that is neces¬ 
sary is to get the amount of blue and acetic acid 
required to produce the desired color in a load of 
100 shirts and then reduce or increase this, depend¬ 
ing on the size of the load. Excellent results are 
being secured in some cases by using the oxalic 
acid in the second instead of the third rinse. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING WHITE SHIRTS, 

, COLLARS AND CUFFS 

Run cold water into washer so as to give 4 
inches in cylinder; rinse the garments 5 minutes. 
Discharge, draining well. 

2. Run enough waim water into the washer to 
give 2 inches in the cylinder. Add 1 to 2 pounds 
of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in solution. Keep 
this temperature and run for 15 minutes. Dis¬ 
charge and drain well. 

3. Run hot water into the washer to give 2 
inches in the cylinder, and then add enough soap 
to make a good suds. Turn on steam gradually 
and heat to at least 180° F. Discharge and drain 
well. 

4. Give a good hot rinse. 




TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


31 


5. Add bleach prepared according to the for¬ 
mula given in Chapter 3. Run 10 minutes, and 
discharge. 

6. Give a good hot rinse. 

7. Repeat this rinse. 

8. Run hot water into the machine, so as to 
give 6 inches in the cylinder, adding the proper 
amount of oxalic acid. Heat to highest temper¬ 
ature possible. Run 10 minutes, and discharge. 

9. Run in water and blue as you usually do. 

FORMULA FOR MAKING WYANDOTTE YELLOW 
HOOPS SOLUTION 

Fill a separate tank or barrel with hot water.. 
Add to same as many pounds of Wyandotte Yel¬ 
low Hoops as the tank contains number of gallons. 
Stir this solution until the water has taken up all 
of the Wyandotte Yellow Hoops. Every gallon of 
this solution you use will be equivalent to 1 lb. of 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in dry form, which 
makes it easier for you to figure and regulate the 
quantity of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops you are 
using. 

Use this for softening water, use it before the 
first suds in washing, use it for washing flannels, 


use it for setting colors, and use it for building 
soap and soap stock. 

It requires less Wyandotte Yellow Hoops to 
break warm water than it does cold, but whether 
you use Wyandotte Yellow Hoops dry or in solu¬ 
tion, enough should be used to make the water feel 
soft to the hand. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING SHIRTS AND COLLARS 
One Suds 

1. Run cold water into the washer so as to give 
four inches in the cylinder. Run five minutes and 
discharge. 

2. Run lukewarm water into the washer so as 
to give three inches in the cylinder, placing two 
pounds Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in the center 
of the clothes. Start the machine, turn on the 
steam gradually, and bring the temperature up to 
a good warmth. Run 20 minutes and discharge. 

3. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
six inches in the cylinder. Run five minutes, dis¬ 
charge and drain well. 

4. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
two inches in the cylinder. Add bleach made with 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in accordance with 
formula given elsewhere. Run 10 minutes. Add 




32 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



BOILER ROOM 


















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


33 


enough soap to make good suds; turn on steam 
and bring gradually to the boiling point. Run 20 
minutes, discharge, and drain well. 

5. Run enough hot water into the washer to 
give six inches in the cylinder. Run five minutes, 
discharge and drain well. 

6. Repeat the preceding. 

7. Run enough warm water into the washer to 
give four inches in the cylinder. Add eight to ten 
ounces of acetic acid, dissolved in a pail of water 
(have a pail used only for this purpose). Run 10 
minutes and then add a little more blue than the 
shade you require. Follow with a short cold rinse, 
which will even up the color. 

ONE SUDS FORMULA FOR WASHING WHITE 

SHIRTS, COLLARS, CUFFS AND FLAT WORK 

1. Run cold water into the washer to give four 
inches in cylinder; give a five minutes’ cold rinse. 
Discharge and drain well. 

2. Turn on hot water so as to give two inches 
in the cylinder. Add one to two pounds of Wyan¬ 
dotte Yellow Hoops in solution. Run 15 to 20 
minutes. Discharge. 

3. Give five minutes’ hot water rinse. Dis¬ 
charge. 

4. Turn warm water into the washer so as to 


give two inches in the cylinder, and then add one- 
half gallon Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in solution. 
Add bleach, run five minutes and then put in 
enough soap to make a lively suds. Turn on steam 
gradually and heat to at least 180° F. Run 20 
minutes and discharge. 

5. Give two five-minute hot rinses. 

6. Sour and blue in the usual way. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING CUSTOM NEW WORK 
One Hundred Shirt Washer 

1. Run cold water into the washer so as to 
give five inches in the cylinder, after thorough 
saturation of the garments. Add two pounds 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, either dry or in solution. 
Run 15 minutes and discharge. 

2. Run lukewarm water into the washer so as 
to give five inches in the cylinder. Add one pound 
of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, either dry or in solu¬ 
tion, for every 100 shirts or their equivalent. Run 
30 minutes and discharge. 

3. Run hot water (160° F.) into the washer, 
so as to give five inches in the cylinder. Add two 
quarts of bleach, run five minutes and then put 
in sufficient soap to produce and keep up a good 
suds. Run 45 minutes and discharge. 



34 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



IRONER DEPARTMENT 






















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


35 


4. Run hot water into -the washer so as to give 
eight inches in cylinder. Run five minutes and 
discharge. 

5. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
eight inches in the cylinder. Dissolve (using 
separate pail) six ounces of oxalic acid. Run 10 
minutes and discharge. 

6. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
eight inches in the cylinder. Add 12 ounces of 
acetic acid. After running about two minutes, 
add the blue and run 20 minutes. Discharge. 

7. Run cold water into the washer so as to give 
eight inches in the cylinder. Rinse thoroughly un¬ 
til your color reaches the desired shade. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING COLORED GOODS 

1. Run lukewarm water into the washer so as 
to give six inches in the cylinder. Run 10 minutes; 
discharge and drain well. 

2. Run lukewarm water into the washer so as 
to give three inches of water in the cylinder. Add 
one to two pounds of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, 
either dry or in solution. After running this for 
10 minutes, add soap, turn on steam gradually, 
bringing the temperature to 100° F. Run 15 to 


20 minutes, depending on the condition of the 
clothes; discharge and drain well. 

3. Run lukewarm water into the washer so as 
to give three inches in the cylinder. Add soap, 
turn on steam and bring gradually to 160° F. 
Run 20 minutes, discharge and drain well. 

4. Run warm water into the washer so as to 
give six to eight inches in the cylinder. Add one- 
half pound Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, either dry 
or in solution. Run 10 minutes, discharge and 
drain well. 

5. Give five minutes’ warm rinse. 

6. Rinse and blue the usual way. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING COLORED GOODS 

1. Run warm water (90° F.) into the washer 
so as to give four inches in the cylinder. Add 
enough soap to make a good suds. Run 15 minutes 
and discharge. 

2. Run warm water (110° F.) into the washer 
so as to give four inches in the cylinder. Add one 
gallon of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops solution. Run 
15 minutes and discharge. 

3. Run warm water into the washer so as to 
give three inches in the cylinder. Add enough 



troy laundry guide 



IRONER ASSEMBLING DEPARTMENT 




















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


37 


soap to make good suds. Run 20 minutes and dis¬ 
charge. 

4. Run warm water into the washer so as to 
give six to eight inches in the cylinder. Run five 
minutes and discharge. 

5. Run cold water into the washer so as to give 
six to eight inches in the cylinder. Run five min¬ 
utes and discharge. 

6. Run cold water into the washer so as to 
give eight inches in the cylinder. Add blue and 
run the regular period. The use of cold water in 
this last two rinses will make the colors brighter. 

Note. Do not get your suds too hot. Some col¬ 
ored goods will run in very hot water, as in very 
cold. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING COLORED GOODS 

1. Run cold water into washer to show 4 inches 
in cylinder; give the clothes a five minutes’ rinse. 
Discharge and drain well. 

2. Turn on enough water of a temperature of 
130° F. to give two inches in the cylinder. Add 
one to two pounds of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops in 
solution. Run this 15 minutes without soap. Dis¬ 
charge and drain well. 

3. Turn on enough warm water of a tempera¬ 


ture of 140° F. to give two inches in the cylinder. 
Add enough soap to make good suds. Run in this 
20 to 30 minutes. Discharge and drain well. 

4. Five minutes’ hot rinse. Discharge and 
diain well. 

5. Repeat the preceding. 

6. Blue in the usual way. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING BLACK SOCKS. 

1. Run warm water into washer so as to give 
two to four inches in the cylinder, depending on the 
size of the load. Put in one to two pounds of 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, either dry or in solu¬ 
tion, run 15 minutes and discharge. 

2. Run warm water into washer so as to give 
two to four inches in the cylinder, depending on 
the size of the load. Add one pound Wyandotte 
Yellow Hoops, either dry or in solution. Run 15 
minutes and discharge. 

3. Run warm water into washer so as to give 
three to five inches in the cylinder. Run five min¬ 
utes and discharge. 

4. Repeat the preceding. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING BLANKETS 

This formula can be worked in the same way. 



38 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



EXTRACTOR DEPARTMENT 






TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


39 


where a rotary machine is used, set tubs or a 
bowl machine. 

Prepare the water in the first tub in the same 
way as the first water in the machine and so on 
throughout the formula. 

To secure the best results and clean the blan¬ 
kets thoroughly, we recommend the use of an olive 
oil soap, as it contains no free alkali. 

In washing blankets, always have sufficient water 
to roll them, so there will be no drop in the ma¬ 
chine, as the dropping has the tendency to full the 
blankets. 

1. Eun the required amount of water, at a 
temperature of 80 to 90 degrees, into the washer. 
Before the blankets are placed in the machine, add 
one to two gallons of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops 
solution, depending on the amount to be washed 
and the condition of the water. Place the blankets 
in the machine, run 10 minutes and discharge. 
This water, with the Wyandotte Yellow Hoops so¬ 
lution added, neutralizes any acids remaining in 
the blankets from previous washings and makes 
less soap necessary. 

2. Eun warm water of the same temperature 
into the washer, adding enough soap to make a 


lively suds. Eun for 15 to 20 minutes, stop ma¬ 
chine and discharge. 

3. Eun warm water of the same temperature 
into the washer and start it. Add a gallon of 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops solution, run five min¬ 
utes, stop machine and discharge. 

4. Eun warm water of the same temperature 
into the washer and start. Add from one to four 
ounces of acetic acid that has already been dis¬ 
solved in a pail of water, or one ounce of sulphuric 
acid. (Where sulphuric acid is used, use one- 
fourth the amount of acetic acid, diluted in the 
same way.) Eun five minutes, stop machine and 
discharge. 

Caution. Be sure to stop the machine when 
changing rinses or adding soap, as the dropping of 
the woolens in the wheel without a sufficient 
amount of water will cause more or less shrinkage 
of the goods. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING LACE CURTAINS 

1. Eun enough cold water into the washer to 
soak the curtains thoroughly. Put in Wyandotte 
Yellow Hoops, either dry or in solution, until the 
water feels soft. Eun 10 to 15 minutes, stop ma¬ 
chine and discharge. 



40 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



METAL WASHER DEPARTMENT 

















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


41 


2. Give five minutes rinse in lukewarm water, 
stop machine and discharge. 

When the curtains are badly soiled, a ten. min¬ 
utes’ suds should follow the preceding and a thor¬ 
ough rinse. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING DARK AND DISCOL¬ 
ORED LINEN 

This condition of linen is caused by the excessive 
use of strong and harsh alkalies in combination 
with soap and not properly rinsed, and where the 
fats have combined with the lime and magnesia 
in the water, forming an insoluble substance. This 
deposit and consequent discoloration can be re¬ 
moved by following this formula very carefully. 

1. Eun cold water into the washer so as to give 
six to eight inches in the cylinder. Eun 10 min¬ 
utes, discharge and drain well. 

2. Eun hot water into the washer so as to give 
two to four inches in the cylinder; add two quarts 
of acetic acid; turn on steam gradually and heat to 
120° F. Eun 20 minutes, discharge and drain 
well. 

3. Eun hot water into the washer so as to give 
two to four inches in the cylinder. Add five pounds 
of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, either dry or in solu¬ 


tion. Eun 20 minutes, boiling the last 10 minutes, 
discharge and drain well. 

4. Eun hot water into the washer so as to give 
six to eight inches in the cylinder, run 10 minutes, 
discharge and drain well. 

5. Eepeat preceding. 

6. Eun hot water into the washer so as to give 
three to five inches in the cylinder. Dissolve eight 
ounces of oxalic acid in a pail used only for this 
purpose. After adding this oxalic acid, run the 
load 10 minutes. Turn on steam gradually and 
boil hard for 10 minutes. Discharge, drain well, 
rinse and blue in the usual way. If this does not 
bring back the color, boil 10 minutes longer. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING COLORED ROUGH DRY 

1. Eun warm water into the washer so as to 
give four to six inches in the cylinder. Add two to 
three pounds of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops. Start 
the machine, run 15 minutes, stop and discharge. 

2. Eun warm water (120° F.) into the washer 
so as to give two to four inches in the cylinder. 
Add soap and run 15 to 20 minutes; stop and dis¬ 
charge. 

3. Eun hot water into the washer so as to give 



42 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



BODY AND SHIRT IRONER DEPARTMENT 








43 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


six to eight inches in the cylinder. Start machine, 
run five minutes and discharge. 

4. Run cold water into the washer so as to 
give six to eight inches in the cylinder. Run five 
minutes, stop and discharge. 

FORMULA FOR WASHING OVERALLS 
100 Pairs of Overalls or Jackets 

1. Run cold water into the washer so as to give 
eight inches in the cylinder. Start the machine, 
run 10 minutes and then discharge. 

2. Repeat preceding. 

3. Run warm water (160° F.) into the washer, 
so as to give three inches in the cylinder. Add 
five pounds of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, placing 
this in the center of the goods after opening them 
up. Boil hard for 30 minutes. Discharge and 
drain well. 

4. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
eight inches in the cylinder. Run five minutes 
and discharge. 

5. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
five inches in the cylinder. Add three pounds of 
Wyandotte Yellow Hoops, boil hard for 30 min¬ 
utes and discharge. 


6. Run hot water into the washer so as to give 
eight inches in the cylinder. Put enough dry chip 
soap in center to make a good suds. Turn on 
steam gradually and bring to a boil. Run 30 min¬ 
utes and discharge. 

7. Hot rinse. 

8. Hot rinse. 

9. Cold rinse. 



TROY TURBINE CYLINDER 
Patents Applied For 







44 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT 













TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


45 


CHAPTER VI 

Extracting. — How to Load. — What Extractor 
Should Do. 


In loading your extractor, place the heavy pieces, 
like spieads and bath towels, if possible, at the 
bottom of the basket and wind them around uni- 
foi mly. Put in the goods in bunches, packing them 
leasonably tight. Do not leave any loose ends 
hanging out to be tangled up with the next bunch 
you put in. As you load, move the basket around 
and press the goods against the sides. No pieces 
will be “crossed” if these directions are followed, 
that is, the ends fastened by the weight of the load 
on opposite sides of the basket, causing the piece 
to be stretched tight as the basket revolves and to 
split frequently. 

Load the extractor flush with the top, cover it 
with a round canvas three inches larger than the 
basket’s top, put down the safety cover and start 
slowly. The cover will keep out dirt and keep the 
clothes in place. 


The extractor should remove 66§ per cent of the 
water. Whether it is doing this or not can be de¬ 
termined by weighing the goods before extracting, 
then afterwards, and finally after the goods have 
been ironed. 

To determine whether the- extractor is traveling 
at the proper speed, put a board across the top in¬ 
side the basket, suppoited fiom the bottom of the 
basket by another board; find the exact center of 
the cross piece and, when the machine is at full 
speed, hold a speedometer on the center spot. 



SOLID CURB EXTRACTOR—COUNTERSHAFT ATTACHED 







TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


SHIRT IRONING MACHINERY DEPARTMENT 












TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


47 


CHAPTER VII 

Essential Facts About Starches.—Formulas for 
Preparation and Use. 

WHEAT STARCH 

The celebrated Wheat Starch which we handle 
has met with such general acceptance that it is 
not necessary to dwell upon its merits. 

At the factory where it is manufactured, only 
perfectly sound flours are used, and great care 
is displayed in their selection. By a simple me¬ 
chanical process, without the use of any chemical 
whatsoever, the starch is extracted from the flour 
in all its original strength, and this strength is 
maintained in the finished product, a result which 
necessarily cannot be secured by the older pro¬ 
cesses. 

We claim for this starch the following ad¬ 
vantages over all other starches: 

1. It will cook up thinner, and will pene¬ 
trate the fibre of the linen to be starched more 
readily than any other starch. 


2. It will give a flexible, leathery finish not 
obtainable by the use of other starches. 

3. Different degrees of stiffness in the work 
can easily be secured to meet any requirement. 

4. Both time and labor are saved by its use. 
A careful record, if kept, cannot fail to satisfy 
any launderer on this point. 

5. It will increase the capacity of your starch¬ 
ing machines to a surprising degree. 

6. It is stronger and will go further than 
any other starch. 

THIN BOILING WHEAT STARCH 

Use three-quarters to one pound of the starch 
to each gallon of water. Dissolve the starch thor¬ 
oughly in a little of the cold water and put the 
rest of the water on to boil. 

Stir the dissolved starch into the boiling water. 
When the mass comes to a “boil” again, let it 
boil altogether 30 minutes. 

Use at once while hot and “thin.” 

FORMULA FOR MAKING WHEAT STARCH 

Formula 1. Dissolve the starch thoroughly in 
cold water, in the proportion of three-fourths of 
a pound to one gallon of water. Cook it 30 min- 





48 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



METAL DRYROOM. HAND EXTRACTOR AND STARCH COOKER DEPARTMENT 













TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


49 


utes in a steam starch kettle. The starch will 
then be of the proper consistency for ordinary 
work. Never use more than three-fourths of a 
pound to a gallon of water, and if this makes 
your work too stiff, reduce the quantity. 

Formula 2. Dissolve three pounds of wheat 
starch in three quaits of water; after this is dis¬ 
solved add a half tablespoonful of lard and blu¬ 
ing, and boil in two and a half gallons of water 
for about ten minutes. This is a rubbing in 
starch for very fine work. For dip starch use 
one pound of the starch to a gallon of water. 

Formula 3. Add enough water to three- 
fourths of a pail of wheat starch to fill the pail 
and let the staich dissolve; after it is dissolved 
boil in two and a half pails of water. This forms 
a veiy fine dip starch. For rubbing in add 
enough more staich to make a thicker jelly. 

CORN STARCH 

Cleanliness is first and absolutely indispensable 
in prepaiing starch. Be sure the vessel in which 
the search is cooked is perfectly clean, so that 
no foreign substance whatever will enter into the 
starch. Mix the starch in proportion of 13 


pounds of starch to 14 gallons of water. The 
starch should be boiled thoroughly for half an 
hour after it begins to boil. 

Laundrymen must use their own judgment 
to a great extent as to how thick they desire the 
starch, but for ordinary laundry use the above 
has been found to be about the correct proportion. 

For very thick rubbing starch use one pound 
of starch to a gallon of water, and in all instances 
let the starch boil thoroughly for one hour after 
it comes to a boil. 

THIN BOILING WHEAT AND THIN BOILING 
CORN STARCH 

Use one-half wheat and one-half corn or two- 
thirds wheat and one-third corn, and a total 
weight of three-quarters to one pound of the 
starches to each gallon of water. 

Dissolve the starches separately in a little of 
the cold water and put the rest of the water on 
to boil, and use a small quantity of Japan wax. 

Stir the wheat starch first into the boiling 
water; let it boil 20 minutes, and then stir in the 
thin boiling corn starch and boil ten minutes 
longer. 



50 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



PATTERN DEPARTMENT 









TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


51 


(Note.—To have uniform results, the starches 
should always be weighed and the water 
measured. This is very important.) 

If thin boiling wheat starch is used with thin 
boiling corn starch, use half and half or two- 
thirds wheat and one-third corn. Dissolve to¬ 
gether and boil 30 minutes. 

Some laundrymen add to the starch a small 
quantity of Japan wax, spermacetti, parrafin wax, 
beeswax or gum arabic. The amount to be used 
can easily be determined by experimenting. 

COMBINATION STARCH 

The enormous sale and general use of Crystal 
Victor Starch (which is a mixture of wheat, 
corn and rice combined in the manufacture) 
shows that much better results can be obtained 
than by the hap-hazard manner of mixing in 
the laundry. It can be easily understood how a 
manufacturer with set scales and measures, pro¬ 
visions for selection of raw material, facilities for 
preparing the mixture, and a chemist of experi¬ 
ence, whose one object is to obtain uniformity 
for each day’s output to the standard set, could 
and should produce a combination that will elim¬ 


inate all guess work from the laundry with few 
facilities and no practical training in the art of 
starch making. 

COLD OR RAW STARCH 

Only boiled, hot and generally thin cooking 
starch is used in the United States, but in Eng¬ 
land and on the Continent much work is done 
with raw starch. This method is antiquated and 
we by no means recommend it. Boiled, hot, thin 
starch is the only thing to use, but, as a matter 
of interest to laundrymen, we give a formula 
used by many English laundrymen: 

A pound and a quarter of starch to one gallon 
of water. Add four ounces of borax and two 
tablespoonfuls of turpentine. Stir well before 
using. 


YOU WILL ALWAYS OBTAIN 
UNIFORMITY IN USING TROY 
STARCHES. 



52 


TROY LAUNDRY GUI D'E 



APRON DEPARTMENT 
























TROY L A U 


CHAPTER VIII 

Convenient Formulas for Removing Stains and 
Grease 


TO REMOVE RED FRUIT STAINS FROM LINEN 

Moisten the cloth and hold it over a piece of 
burning sulphur, then wash thoroughly, or the 
spots may reappear. 

FORMULA NO. 2 

Spread stained portion over bowl; pour boil¬ 
ing water on it from a height of perhaps eighteen 
inches to two feet. 

TO REMOVE IRON RUST 

To remove iron rust from uncolored cloth', 
moisten the stained part with hydrochloric acid 
diluted with about three volumes of water and 
waimed. Thoroughly rinse the cloth, afterward 
in plenty of cold water. It is nearly impossible 
to remove such stains from some colored fabrics. 

FORMULA NO. 2 

Apply oxalic acid to the spot with fingers wet 


DRY GUIDE 


53 


with water, then lay the article in the sun for a 
few hours, after which rinse thoroughly. 

FORMULA NO. 3 

Rub with a few grains of oxalic acid and then 
place over steam jet. 

TO REMOVE INK STAINS 

Ten grains of oxalic acid in one-half pint of 
water will remove all ink and fruit stains. Wet 
the article in hot water and apply it to the top 
of the bottle, so that the liquid will reach it, then 
rinse it well or cut the ink with chloroform, and 
wash it out with double strength ammonia. 

FORMULA NO. 2 

To take copying ink stains out of linen shirt 
bosoms, white duck suits, etc., make a strong 
solution of good bleaching powder (chlorinated 
lime) in cold water and apply to the stains; then 
apply a strong aqueous solution of oxalic acid 
(cold). Repeat, if necessary, until the stains dis¬ 
appear, then rinse thoroughly in chilled water. 

FORMULA NO. 3 

If the stain is fresh, place the stained portion 
in milk and allow to stand. If the milk becomes 





54 


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WOOD WORKING DEPARTMENT 
















55 


T R OY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


too much discolored, drain milk off and put on 
more. If stain is dry and will not come out as 
above, use salts of lemon or Javelle water; pour 
on, allow to stand for a few minutes and wash 
thoroughly. 

TO REMOVE STAINS FROM MUSLIN 

If boiling water is poured through the stains 
before wetting, they w r ill disappear. Before fruit 
juice dries it can be removed by cold water, using 
a sponge and towel if necessary. 

TO REMOVE IRON STAINS 

Iron stains may be removed by the salts of 
lemon. Many stains may be removed by dipping 
the linen in sour buttermilk, and then drying 
it in the sun; wash it in cold water. Repeat this 
three or four times. 

TO REMOVE GREASE SPOTS 

Whenever oil of turpentine, benzole or ether is 
used to remove grease spots on cloth, the appli¬ 
cation should be made on the reverse side of the 
cloth by moistening it with the solvent in a circle 
surrounding the spot, so as to approach it grad¬ 


ually, Having blotting paper' (common brown 
wrapping paper) in contact with the spot of 
grease to absorb the fat immediately; otherwise 
the solvent will have the effect of spreading the 
grease over a large surface, instead of driving it 
out of the cloth. In the application of a hot iron 
to one side and paper to the other, the heat will 
drive the grease out of the cloth into the paper, 
because the fat has a tendency to move from the 
warm part toward the cooler. 

FORMULA NO. 2 

Wash white goads with soap or alkaline lyes; 
colored cotton, with lukewarm soap lyes; colored 
woolens, with the same or ammonia, with silks 
absorb with French chalk and dissolve away with 
benzine or ether. 

TO REMOVE FISH STAINS 

Fish stains can be removed in the same manner 
as any other oil or grease stains, although fish oil 
is somewhat more tenacious. Remove the spots 
before washing by means of benzine or ether. 
Make application on the reverse side, having blot¬ 
ting paper on the reverse side to absorb the grease. 



56 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



WOOD WASHER DEPARTMENT 








TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


57 


TO REMOVE MILDEW 

Rub the stains thoroughly with a lemon cut 
in half, then spread in direct sunlight. 

TO REMOVE GRASS STAINS 

Grass stains may be removed from light fabrics 
by soaking in alcohol and rubbing briskly. 

TO REMOVE PAINT 

Rub with benzine, if wet; if dry, soak and 
soften with vaseline, then rub with benzine. 

TO REMOVE TEA STAINS 

Mix thoroughly soft soap and salt—say a table¬ 
spoonful of salt to a teacupful of soap—rub on 
the spots and expose to the sun. Let it lie two 
or three days, then wash. If the spots are wet 
occasionally while exposed to the sun it will 
hasten the bleaching. 

TO REMOVE COFFEE, TEA OR CHOCOLATE 
STAINS 

Place a bowl on the table, spread the stained 
part over it and pour boiling water on it from a 
height so as to strike the stain with force. 


TO REMOVE WINE STAINS 

Use salt and boiling water. Spread the stained 
portion over a bowl; pour boiling water on it from 
a height of perhaps eighteen inches to two feet. 

TO REMOVE WAX STAINS 

Place the goods on absorbent paper and press 
them with a hot iron. 

TO REMOVE BLOOD STAINS 

Wash in soap and warm (not hot) water; or 
rub cold raw starch on wet and allow to dry. 

TO REMOVE OIL STAINS 

Take three ounces of spirits of turpentine, and 
one ounce of essence of lemon, mix well, and ap¬ 
ply as you would any other scouring drops. It 
will take out all the grease. 

FORMULA NO. 2 

Rub with cold water from the outside toward 
the center, using great care not to spread. 

TO REMOVE STAINS OF PERSPIRATION 

Place the garment in a soap solution and set 
in the sunshine. It is difficult to remove entire¬ 
ly and requires patience. 



58 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



WOOD WASHER DEPARTMENT— CONTIN UATION 
























TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


59 


TO REMOVE SCORCH STAINS 

These marks can be removed by exposing the 
goods to the sun for a few hours. 

TO REMOVE COAT CROCK 

This is caused by dye from outer garments in 
which the color has not been properly set. It is 
most difficult to deal with, in some cases a pair 
of scissors being the only remedy. 

The following is recommended as a sure cure 
for mild cases: Take 10 ounces of bleach (made 
in the proportion of four pounds of chloride of 
lime and four pounds of Wyandotte Yellow Hoops 
or one pound of caustic soda) to two gallons of 
hot suds. Mix and place the goods in the solu¬ 
tion, leaving them for half an hour. Wash by 
the usual process. 

TO REMOVE THE ODOR OF IODOFORM 

Get a small bottle of oil of citronilla and drop 
three or four drops in the first suds. 

Another suggestion is to use caustic potash in 
the bleach instead of carbonates. 

Ordinary vinegar has been used in one hospital 
with marked success. 


A fourth remedy is the following: Place the 
goods in a 150 shirt wheel, run the usual amount 
of water into the wheel and add one-half pound 
ground mustard; run ten minutes and discharge; 
then proceed with the usual washing method. 



TROY SECTIONAL DRYROOM—METAL 











60 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



PACKING FLOORS—SHOWING DEPTH OF BUILDING 















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


61 


CHAPTER IX 

Suggestions on Care of Machines. — Oils and 
Boiler Scale. 


CARE OF MACHINES 

Attention should be given the proper oiling of 
the machines, for they will give an endless amount 
of trouble if allowed to run dry. Operators, when 
through with a machine for the day, should wipe 
it with a little waste or other material, and clean 
off all the surplus oil or dirt that may have ac¬ 
cumulated and cover the bed and rail with paper 
or cloth. 

Great care should be observed in cleaning iron- 
ers. A clean soft bed is required, if you desire 
to obtain first-class results. 

Special directions for setting up and operating 
our various machines will be mailed on applica¬ 
tion. : . . i 

OILS 

Select your oil for the work it has to do and 
the metal it has to lubricate; heavy journals need 


an oil with great cohesiveness and adhesiveness 
to the journal boxes, so as to make a cushion for 
the shaft to rest in; light spindles an oil with 
much less viscosity. A good lubricant should be 
free from corrosive action. Mixtures of vegetable 
and mineral oils are preferred as lubricants. The 
viscosity of the former is counteracted by the min¬ 
eral oil, while the latter is rendered less corrosive 
by the mixture. Ten to fifteen parts of animal 
mixed with mineral oil make a good cylinder 
lubricant. Pure mineral and cotton-seed oils have 
a corrosive action on lead and its alloys; they are 
also easily affected by lard and whale oils. 

Iron corrodes somewhat with mineral, less with 
seal and none with sperm oil. Tallow oil is the 
most corrosive on iron, cotton-seed next. Mineral 
oil does not affect copper; lard and seal oil should 
never be used on it. Tin is affected least by olive 
and most by cotton-seed oil. 

PREVENTION OF BOILER SCALE 

* Throw one pound of powdered 98 per cent 
caustic soda for each ton of coal burned under 
the boiler into the feed-water of the boiler. For 
ordinary hard water this is amply sufficient. For 
very hard water take one and one-half pounds for 





62 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



WOOD WORKING DEPARTMENT—WHERE MATERIAL IS CUT UP 












TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


63 


each ton of coal burned. Use the blow-off tap 
freely. The lime which causes the hardness of 
the water is thrown down as a muddy sediment 
by the powdered caustic soda, and is thus re¬ 
moved, instead of sticking to the plates and tubes 
of the boiler as scale. The caustic soda being 
pure has no action on the plates or fittings of the 
boiler. As a powder it is easily weighed in exact 
quantities and dissolves instantly in cold water. 
When the package is opened it must be carefully 
covered up again and kept in a dry place, or the 
contents will become damp and moist. 

The cost is far more than covered by the saving 
in fuel alone. A scale of one-eighth of an inch 
causes an increased consumption of fuel of 16 per 
cent; one-fourth of an inch 50 per cent. Half 
an inch scale increases the consumption of fuel 
150 per cent. 

TROY BLUES 
ARE 

TRUE BLUES 


CHAPTER X 

Marking and Handling Laundry. — Fire In¬ 
surance. 


SUGGESTIONS FOR MARKING AND HANDLING 
LAUNDRY WORK 

It is very important that goods should be prop¬ 
erly marked and sorted in the laundry. Nearly 
every laundryman has his own method. One 
which is used by many is to mark the full name 
of the customer on each article; a simpler method, 
however, is to use the letters of the alphabet and 
figures, as, for instant your first customers name 
is James Arnold. This mark would be A 1. The 
next customer whose name began with Chas. 
Archibald, for example, would be A 2. The 
same order applies, of course, to every letter in the 
alphabet and it will readily be seen that the sup¬ 
ply of marks is inexhaustible. A laundry would 
have to do a very large business before it would 
be required to use over four figures or characters. 

Whatever system of marking may be used, 





TROV LAUNDRY GUIDE 


64 



COPPER WORKING DEPARTMENT 











TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


65 


however, we think it of great importance that the 
mark which is on the customer’s clothes when they 
are at first brought to the laundry should be used 
if possible to identify his clothing and should not 
be crossed out and another substituted, for this 
is objectionable to most laundry customers. If 
two customers have the same mark one package 
can be easily held for another lot, and if the lots 
are properly handled, the two bundles will not be 
confused, but will reach the sorting table at dif¬ 
ferent times. 

A laundry record should always be kept, hav¬ 
ing not only the name of the customer with his 
address and the number of pieces contained in his 
package, but also showing the mark by which his 
clothes are identified. In no business is system 
more essential than in the laundry. Where it is 
lacking, not only is there confusion, but it is prac¬ 
tically impossible to do a profitable business. 

Work cannot be taken at all hours and all be 
finished at the same time. Goods that come in 
Saturday evening should go into the washer early 
Monday morning and all that is taken in up to 
9 a. m. Monday should be nearly, if not complete¬ 
ly, finished and on the sorting table by Monday 


night. Goods which go into the washer before 
3 p. m. of any day should be starched and in the 
dryroom on the same day. All articles washed 
after 3 p. m. should be ready for the starchers 
when they begin work the next morning and be 
finished that night; therefore all goods that come 
in Monday will be finished and bundled Tuesday 
night and so on through the week, Tuesday’s goods 
coming out Wednesday night and so on. All Fri¬ 
day’s goods should be finished by special effort 
Saturday noon. By this system one can tell just 
when a customer’s wqrk should be done. 

Lots should under no circumstances be allowed 
to become mixed, even if it is necessary to keep 
one lot in the dryroom until the lot before it is 
dry. Flannels and goods that are to be washed by 
hand should be given out in lots to the hand 
washers and returned by them in time to go into 
the dryroom with the balance of the lot. Care 
should be taken that the lots are dampened to¬ 
gether. If a piece of goods is soiled in handling 
it should be washed out by hand, starched and 
dried at once, and if possible be brought to the 
sorting table before the lot to which it belongs is 
bundled. Such a soiled piece should not go 
through with another lot, but held, 



66 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


WVxx\\\ 

\ < 9u'^>'V 5\o~\'b <\o 


(x\s t'cV.s^c^VA Ot\V'c^\x\o'^ %\ u. vv» & 


MARKING ALPHABET 





TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


67 


A MARKERS’ TRAINING SCHOOL 

The manager of one of Chicago’s best laundries 
gives one or more cards, containing the letters of 
the alphabet, both capital and small letters, and 
the numerals, neatly printed to each employe with 
the request that all the spare minutes be put in 
practicing marking them. He arouses their in¬ 
terest at the start by explaining that the marking 
department is the most important in the whole 
laundry and the one that pays the most salary and 
that competent markers are always in demand. 

When giving out the cards, he asks the em¬ 
ployes to bring him samples of their work regu¬ 
larly for criticism and commendation. As a re¬ 
sult, nearly every one in the plant is capable of 
doing the marking satisfactorily, if necessary. 

The employes show remarkable interest. They 
put in the noon hour practicing their exercises, 
submit the results frequently to the foreman^ for 
criticism and make surprising progress. 

FIRE INSURANCE 

No laundryman can be too cautious about tak¬ 
ing out insurance on his plant. As this important 
matter is very frequently left to the insurance 
agent, who oftentimes draws up a very careless 


form which does not cover all the articles intend¬ 
ed to be covered by the policy, we would suggest 
the following form: 

$.on boilers, engines, machines, ma¬ 

chinery, connections, setting, shafting, belting, 
pulleys, hangers, material and supplies, duplicate 
and spare parts, elevators, partitions, iron safes, 
furniture and fixtures of every discription, sta¬ 
tionery, piping, dynamos, electric equipment, 
tools, implements, utensils, apparatus and appur¬ 
tenances. 

As the courts have repeatedly decided on fire 
insurance policies that the launderer has no more 
insurable interest in his customer’s goods than 
the wagon maker has in your delivery wagon left 
with him for repairs, if burned while in his care, 
it is advisable, as it is consequently impossible 
to insure customers’ goods in the regular fire in¬ 
surance companies, to carry sufficient insurance 
on these goods in one of the different concerns 
especially organized to meet this kind of liability. 

Take an inventory of your plant at least once 
a year and be in a position to prove your inven¬ 
tory. If you suffer a complete loss you will be 
sure to forget some fixture that is of value, and 
besides it clears you of suspicion as to actual 
value of your property. 





68 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



SUPPLY DEPARTMENT 





































TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


69 


CHAPTER XI 

Rules, Tables and Other Condensed Informa¬ 
tion. — Poisons and their Antidotes. 

Laundrymen will frequently find the informa¬ 
tion contained in the following rules and tables 
very valuable: 

RULES TO CALCULATE THE SPEED OF PULLEYS 

Example 1. To find the size of the driving 
pulley: Multiply the diameter of the driver by 
the number of revolutions it should make and 
divide the product by the revolutions of the 
driver. The quotient will be the size of the driver. 

Example 2. The diameter and revolutions of 
the driver being given, to find the diameter of 
the driver that shall make a given number of rev¬ 
olutions. Multiply the diameter of the driver by 


its number of revolutions and divide the product 
by the number of revolutions of the driver. The 
quotient will be the size of the driver. 

Example 3. To find the number of revolu¬ 
tions of the driver pulley: Multiply the diameter 
of the driver by its number of revolutions and 
divide the product by the diameter of the driver. 
The quotient will be the number of revolutions 
of the driver. 

Example T To find the speed of a counter¬ 
shaft: Multiply the speed of the line shaft by 
the diameters of the drivers, and divide the prod¬ 
uct by the product obtained by multiplying the 
diameters of the given pulleys. The quotient will 
be the speed of the countershaft. 


HANDY METRIC TABLES 

The following tables give the equivalents of 
both the metric and common systems and will be 
found convenient for reference: 





70 


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PRINTING DEPARTMENT 
















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


71 


Approximate Accurate. 

Equivalent. Equivalent. 
1 inch (length)... .2% cubic centimeters 2.539 

1 centimeter...0.4 inch 0.393 

1 yard .1 meter 0.914 

1 meter (39.3 inches).1 yard 1.093 

1 foot.30 centimeters 30.479 

1 kilometer (1,000 meters).% mile 0.621 

1 mile.1% kilometer 1.600 

1 gram (weight).15% grains 15.432 

1 grain.0.064 gram 0.064 

1 kilogram (1,000 

grams) .2.2 pounds avoirdupois 2.204 

1 pound avoirdupois...% kilogram 0.453 

1 ounce avoirdupois 

(437% grains).28^3 grams 28.349 

1 ounce Troy or Apoth. 

(480 grains).31 grams 31.103 

1 cubic centimeter 

(bulk) .06 cubic inch .060 

1 cubic inch.16^ cubic centimeters 16.386 

1 liter (1,000 cubic centimeters) 

1 U. S. standard quart. 0.946 

1 U. S. quart.1 liter 1.057 

1 fluid ounce.29% cubic centimeters 29.570 

1 hectare (10,000 sq. meters, surf.) 

. 2% acres 2.471 

1 acre .0.4 hectare 0.40 

It may not be generally known that we have in 


the nickel five-cent piece of our coinage a key to 
the tables of linear measures and weights. The 
diameter of this coin is two centimeters and its 
weight five grams. Five of them placed in a row 
will of course give the length of the diameter; two 
of them will weigh a decagram. As the kiloliter 
is a cubic meter, the key to the measure of length 
is also the key to the measures of capacity. Any 
person, therefore, who is fortunate enough to 
possess a nickel, may carry in his pocket the en¬ 
tire metric system of weights and measures. 

LIGHTNING RULE FOR INTEREST 

Multiply the principal by as many hundreds 
as there are days and for 

4 per cent divide by 90 

5 per cent divide by 72 

6 per cent divide by 60 

7 per cent divide by 52 

8 per cent divide by 45 

9 per cent divide by 40 
10 per cent divide by 36 
12 per cent divide by 30 

Example: Interest on $144 for 169 days at 
5%: 144X169=243.36, which divided by 72= 
$3.38, the required interest. 






















72 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



NEW YORK HOUSE, 33 WARREN STREET 












































































TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


73 


TROY WEIGHT 

24 grains make one pennyweight. 

20 pennyweight make one ounce. 

Only gold, silver and jewels are weighed by 
this. The ounce and pound in this are the same 
as in Apothecaries’ weight. 

APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT 

20 grains make one scruple. 

3 scruples make one dram. 

8 drams make one ounce. 

12 ounces make one pound. 


AVOIRDUFOIS WEIGHT 

6 drams make one ounce. 

16 ounces make one pound. 

25 pounds make one quarter. 

4 quarters make one hundred weight. 
2,000 pounds make one ton. 


DRY MEASURE 

2 pints make one quart. 

8 quarts make one peck. 

4 pecks make one bushel. 

36 bushels make one chaldron. 


LIQUID OR WINE MEASURE 

4 gills make one pint. 

2 pints make one quart. 

4 quarts make one gallon. 

31% gallons make one barrel. 

2 barrels make one hogshead. 


TIME MEASURE 

60 seconds make one minute. 

60 minutes make one hour. 

24 hours make one day. 

7 days make one week. 

4 weeks make one lunar month. 

28, 29, 30 or 31 days make one calendar month. 
52 weeks and one day, or 12 calendar months 
make one year. 

365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 49 seconds 
make one solar year. 


CIRCULAR MEASURE 

60 seconds make one minute. 

60 minutes make one degree. 

30 degrees make one sign. 

90 degrees make one quqdrant. 

4 quadrants, or 360 degrees, make one circle. 



74 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



NEW YORK OFFICE-FRONT VIEW 


















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


75 


LONG MEASURE—DISTANCES 

3 barleycorns make one inch. 

12 inches make one foot. 

3 feet make one yard. 

5% yards make one rod. 

40 rods make one furlong. 

8 furlongs make one mile. 

CLOTH MEASURE 

2^4 inches make one nail. 

4 nails make one quarter. 

4 quarters make one yard. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

3 inches make one palm. 

4 inches make one hand. 

6 inches make one span. 

18 inches make one cubit. 

21.8 inches make one bible cubit. 

23/2 feet make one military pace. 


SQUARE MEASURE 

144 square inches make one square foot. 
9 square feet make one square yard. 
30% square yards make one square rod. 
40 square rods make one rood. 

4 roods make one acre. 


FACTS WORTH KNOWING 

To find the diameter of a circle multiply the 
circumference by .31831. 

To find the circumference of a circle multiply 
the diameter by 3.1416. 

To find the area of a circle multiply the square 
of the diameter by .7854. 

To find the surface of a ball, multiply the 
square of the diameter by 3.1416. 

To find the side of an equal square multiply 
the diameter by .8862. 

To find the cubic inches in a ball multiply the 
cube of the diameter by .5236. 

Doubling the diameter of a pipe increases its 
capacity four times. 

Double riveting is from 16 to 20 per cent 
stronger than single. 

One cubic foot of anthracite coal weighs about 
53 pounds. 

One cubic foot of bituminous coal weighs from 
47 to 50 pounds. 

One ton of coal is equivalent to two cords of 
wood for steam purposes. 

There are nine square feet of heating surface 
to each square foot of grate surface. 



76 


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NEW YORK OFFICE—REAR VIEW 




















TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


77 


Each nominal horse-power of a boiler requires 
30 to 35 pounds of water per hour. 

A horse-power is equivalent to raising 33,000 
pounds one foot per minute, or 550 pounds one 
foot per second. 

The average consumption of coal for steam 
boilers is 12 pounds per hour for each square 
foot of grate surface. 

To find the pressure in pounds per square inch 
of a column of water, multiply the height of the 
column in feet by .434. 

Steam rising from water at its boiling point 
(212 degrees) has a pressure equal to the atmos¬ 
phere (14.7 pounds to the square inch.) 

In calculating the horse-power of steam boilers, 
consider for: 

Tubular boilers, 15 square feet of heating sur¬ 
face, equivalent to one horse-power. 

Flue boilers, 15 square feet of heating surface, 
equivalent to one horse-power. 

Cylinder boilers, 10 square feet of heating sur¬ 
face, equivalent to one horse-power. 

To evaporate one cubic foot of water requires 
the consumption of 7% pounds of ordinary coal, 
or about one pound of coal to one gallon of water. 


One-sixth of the tensile strength of plate mul¬ 
tiplied by its thickness and divided by one-half 
the diameter of the boiler gives a safe working 
pressure for tubular boilers. For marine boilers 
add 20 per cent for drilled holes. 

No plate or bars of either steel or iron should 
be worked at a black or blue heat (say about 500° 
F.) ; the material will stand far more strain 
either red hot or cold, while at all intermediate 
points great risks will be run and possible strains 
produced which will result in ruptures later on. 

To find the capacity of tanks of any size, 
given dimensions of a cylinder in inches; to find 
its capacity in U. S. gallons, square the diameter, 
multiply by the length and by .0034. 

To ascertain the heating surface in tubular 
boilers, multiply two-thirds the circumference of 
the boiler by the boiler’s length in inches and 
add it to the area of all the tubes. 



78 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



EASTERN! WAREHOUSE, JERSEY CITY 










TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


79 


Diameters and Circumferences of Circles, and 
the Contents in Gallons at One 
Foot in Depth. 


The U. S. standard gallon contains 231 cubic 
inches, and weighs 8 y 2 lbs. A cubic foot of 
water contains 7.48 gallons, and weighs 621/2 
pounds. 

It is easy to calculate the contents of the tank 
in gallons in the following manner: Multiply 
the length, breadth and depth of the tank to¬ 
gether; this will give the capacity of the tank in 
cubic feet; each cubic foot of water is equal to 
6*4 gallons, consequently the cubical capacity of 
the tank requires to be multiplied by 6% to get 
the contents in gallons. 

Example : Suppose the tank measures 10 by 
8 by 4 feet deep, the cubical capacity is therefore 
320 cubic feet; this multiplied by G 1 /^ gives 2,000 
gallons as the contents of the tank. 


Diam. 

Circ. 

Area in 
Feet 

Gallons. 

Ft. 

In. 

Ft. 

In. 


1 Ft. Depth. 

3 

7 

ii 

3 

10.0846 

75.4166 

3 

8 

ii 

6% 

10.5591 

78.9652 

3 

9 

ii 

9 % 

11.0446 

82.5959 

3 

IO 

12 

5 % 

11.5409 

86.3074 

3 

ii 

12 

3tt 

12.0481 

90.1004 

4 

0 

12 

6 H 

12.5664 

93-9754 

4 

i 

12 

9% 

13.0952 

97-9310 

4 

2 

13 

i 

I 3-6353 

101.9701 

4 

3 

13 

4% 

14.1862 

103.0300 

4 

4 

13 

7% 

14-7479 

110.2907 

4 

5 

13 

10/ 

15.3206 

114.5735 

4 

6 

H 

iH 

15.9043 

118.9386 

4 

7 

14 

4 5 A 

16.4986 

123.3830 

4 

8 

14 

7% 

17.1041 

127.9112 

4 

9 

14 

ii 

17.7205 

132.5209 

4 

IO 

15 

2/8 

18.3476 

137-2105 

4 

ii 

15 

sX 

18.9858 

142.0582 

5 

o 

15 

8 % 

19-6350 

146.8384 

5 

I 

15 

II H 

20.2947 

151.7718 

5 

2 

16 

2X 

20.9656 

157.7891 

5 

3 

16 

5X 

21.6475 

162.8896 

5 

4 

16 

9 ,, 

22.3400 

167.0674 

5 

5 

17 

H 

23-0437 

172 3300 

5 

6 

17 

3 / 

23.7583 

177.6740 

5 

7 

17 

6 

24-4835 

183.0973 

5 

8 

17 

9 /s 

25.2199 

188.6045 

5 

9 

18 

% 

25.9672 

194.1930 

5 

IO 

18 

3/8 

26.7251 

199.8610 

5 

II 

18 

7 l A 

27-4943 

205.6133 

6 

0 

18 

io/ 

28.2744 

211.4472 

6 

3 

19 

7 / 

30.6796 

229.4342 

6 

6 

20 

4/8 

33-1831 

248.1564 

6 

9 

21 

2/8 

35-7847 

267.6122 

7 

o 

21 

n24 

38.4846 

287.8032 

7 

3 

22 

9 / 

41.2825 

308 7270 

7 

6 

23 

6/ 

44.1787 

330.3859 











80 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



SAN FRANCjSCO HOUSE. 581-583 MISSION STREET 

























TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


81 


POSTAL INFORMATION 
Domestic 

First Class. Letters, United States postal 
cards, post cards manufactured by private per¬ 
sons, all matter sealed or otherwise closed against 
inspection, and all matter wholly or partly in 
writing, whether sealed or unsealed, 2 cents for 
each ounce or fraction thereof; U. S. postal cards 
and post cards, 1 cent each. 

Second Class. Newspapers and other periodi¬ 
cal publications, 1 cent for each four ounces. 

Third Class. Books, newspapers and periodi¬ 
cals (other than second class), circulars, miscel¬ 
laneous printed matter on paper not having the 
nature of personal correspondence, proof sheets, 
corrected proof sheets and manuscript copy ac¬ 
companying the same, and matter in point print, 
or raised characters used by the blind, 1 cent for 
each 2 ounces or fraction thereof. Limit of 
weight, 4 pounds, except for a single book which 
may weigh more. 

Fourth Class. All mailable matter pot in¬ 
cluded in the three preceding classes, 1 cent for 
each ounce, or fraction thereof, except seeds, bulbs, 


roots, scions and plants, which are 1 cent for 
each 2 ounces or fraction. 

These rates apply to Porto Rico, Hawaii, the 
Philippine Archipelago, Guam, Tutuila, the 
Canal Zone, Canada, Cuba, Mexico and the Re¬ 
public of Panama. 

Reforwarding. Letters will be forwarded at 
the written request of the person addressed from 
one postoffice to another, without additional 
charge for postage. Unclaimed packages cannot 
be returned to the sender until stamps for the 
return postage are sent. 

MONEY ORDERS 
Domestic 

The charges are: 

For orders for sums not exceeding $2.50, 3 
cents. 

Over $2.50 and not exceeding $5.00, 5 cents. 

Over $5.00 and not exceeding $10.00, 8 cents. 

Over $10.00 and not exceeding $20.00, 10 cents. 

Over $20.00 and not exceeding $30.00, 12 cents. 

Over $30.00 and not exceeding $40.00, 15 cents. 

Over $40.00 and not exceeding $50.00, 18 cents. 

Over $50.00 and not exceeding $60.00, 20 cents. 

Over $60.00 and not exceeding $75.00, 25 cents. 

Over $75.00 and not exceeding$100.00, 30 cents. 



82 



TROY. LAUNDRY GUIDE 


SAN FRANCISCO HOUSE—SHOWING OFFICE FACILITIES 































TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 


83 


REGISTRATION 

Letters and packages can be registered on pay¬ 
ment of a fee of 10 cents, which, with the full 
regular postage, must be prepaid by postage 
stamps. The name and address of the sender 
must be indorsed by him on each registered letter 
or package. Registered mail matter may be sent 
to any postoffice in the United States, Canada or 
any of the countries composing the Postal Union. 

SPECIAL POISONS AND ANTIDOTES 

Acids. —Muriatic, oxalic, acetic, sulphuric (oil 
of vitriol), nitric (aqua foitis), Antidotes—Soap 
suds, magnesia, lime water. 

Prussic Acid. —Antidote—Ammonia in water. 
Dash water in face. 

Carbolic Acid.— Antidotes—Flour and water, 
mucilaginous drink. 

Alkalies. —Potash, lye, hartshorn, ammonia. 
Antidote—Vinegar or lemon juice in water. 

Arsenic. —Rat poison, Paris green. Antidotes— 
Milk, raw eggs, sweet oil, lime water, flour and 
water. 


Bug Poison. —Lead, saltpetre, corrosive subli¬ 
mate, sugar of lead, blue vitriol. Antidotes— 
Whites of eggs, or milk in large doses. 

Chloroform. —Chloral, ether. Antidote—Dash 
cold water on head and chest. Artificial respira¬ 
tion. 

Carbonate of Soda, —Copperas, cobalt. Anti¬ 
dotes—Soap suds and mucilaginous drinks. 

Iodine. —Antimony, tartar emetic. Antidotes— 
Starch and water astringent infusions. Strong 
tea. 

Mercury and its Salts. —Antidotes—Whites of 
eggs, milk, mucilages. 

Opium. —Morphine, laudanum, paregoric, sooth¬ 
ing powders or syrups. Antidotes—Strong coffee, 
hot bath. Keep awake and moving at any cost. 



84 


TROY LAUNDRY GUIDE 



SAN FRANCISCO HOUSE—SHOWING SHIPPING FACILITIES 


m 



















I N D e: X 


PAGES 

Bleach—How to Prepare - - - 20-21 

Bluing—Formulas ----- 21-22 

Boiler Scale—How Prevented - - - 61-63 

Condensed Information - 69-79 

Disinfecting ----- 22 

Extracting ------ 45 

Fire Insurance ----- 65 

Machines—Care of - - - - - 61 

Marking—Suggestions - - - - 63-67 


Oils ----- 

Poisons and Antidotes - 

Postal Information 

Soaps—Formulas for Making - 

Stains—How to Remove 

Washing—Formulas for 

Water—Methods of Softening 

Water—Tests for Minerals and Alkalies 


PAGES 

61 

83 

- 81-83 

9-20 

- ' 53-59 

22-43 

7 

7-9 





































































































































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1 



















* • 


















■ 




























































































































One copy del. 


to Cat. Div. 


&AH 13 ) 9 H 












































